<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AHA&#7748K&#256R </TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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</style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="AHAṄKĀR">਍㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀∀挀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀唀吀䘀ⴀ㠀∀㸀㰀⼀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279AHA&#7748K&#256R (<i>ha&#7749k&#257r</i> as it is commonly pronounced in Punjabi) is a compound of Sanskrit <i>aham</i> ('I') and <i>k&#257r</i> ('maker') and means I-maker, i. e. what individuates the person as 'I'. It stands for egotism, egoism, self-conceit, self-centeredness, vanity or simply pride. Other synonyms used in the sacred texts of the Sikhs are <i>m&#257n, abhim&#257n, garab, gum&#257n, aha&#7749g, ahammeu, ahambudh, haumai</i>and<i>khud&#299. </i> Pride is regarded as an undesirable trait in all ethical systems; it is counted among the seven deadly sins in the religious literature of the West. Sikhism considers it not as a metaphysical myth as is done in S&#257&#7749khya and Buddhism but as one of the five common human weaknesses or evils. <i>Aha&#7749k&#257r</i> is vanity, elation or exultation arising from an exaggerated view of one's own merit. The merit may consist in real or presumed intellect, scholarship, physical strength or beauty, worldly rank and possessions or even spiritual accomplishments. Whatever the source, <i>aha&#7749k&#257r</i> is counted a frailty. Says Gur&#363 Amar D&#257s, "it is a deadly disease and the cause of the unending cycle of birth, death and rebirth" (GG, 592). Again, "Pelf is like poison, for it engenders arrogance. None sunk in arrogance wins approval" (GG, 666). In another hymn, Gur&#363 Amar D&#257s declares: "Egoity is the adversary of <i>n&#257m</i> (absorption in God's Name); the two cannot abide together" (GG, 560). Gur&#363 Arjan thus addresses <i>aha&#7749k&#257r</i> personified : " O thou, the cause of birth and death: O thou, the soul of sin: Thou forsakest friends and sowest enmities: Thou spreadest the net of illusion far and wide&#8221 (GG, 1358). Even virtues and pieties are rendered sterile if accompanied by <i>aha&#7749k&#257r</i>, as says Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur, N&#257nak IX : "Pilgrimages, fasting and charities if they lead to <i>gum&#257n</i> (pride) go waste like the bath by an elephant (who after bathing besmears his body with dirt)" (GG, 1428).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀刀攀洀攀搀椀攀猀 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀 愀爀攀 栀甀洀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀猀攀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀猀攀氀昀 愀戀渀攀最愀琀椀渀最 搀攀攀搀猀 漀昀 瘀漀氀甀渀琀愀爀礀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀眀漀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 瘀椀爀琀甀攀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䄀爀樀愀渀 栀甀洀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 愀 眀攀愀瀀漀渀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 㰀椀㸀愀栀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀㰀⼀椀㸀 戀甀琀 愀氀氀 㰀椀㸀瘀椀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 攀瘀椀氀 琀攀渀搀攀渀挀椀攀猀⸀ 匀愀礀猀 栀攀Ⰰ ∀䠀甀洀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 洀礀 洀愀挀攀Ⰰ 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀甀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀攀攀琀 漀昀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 洀礀 搀愀最最攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 眀攀愀瀀漀渀猀 瘀愀渀焀甀椀猀栀 愀氀氀 瘀椀挀攀猀∀ ⠀䜀䜀Ⰰ 㘀㈀㠀⤀㨀 㰀椀㸀匀攀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀猀 愀 栀椀最栀氀礀 瀀爀椀稀攀搀 瘀椀爀琀甀攀 椀渀 匀椀欀栀椀猀洀⸀ 吀漀 焀甀漀琀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䄀爀樀愀渀 愀最愀椀渀 㨀 ∀䤀 昀攀攀氀 戀氀攀猀琀 爀攀渀搀攀爀椀渀最 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 琀漀 䜀漀搀✀猀 猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀猀 戀礀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最 眀愀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀洀 ⠀昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀攀氀氀⤀Ⰰ 戀礀 猀眀椀渀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀愀渀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀攀愀搀猀 ⠀椀渀 栀漀氀礀 挀漀渀最爀攀最愀琀椀漀渀⤀ 愀渀搀 戀礀 最爀椀渀搀椀渀最 挀漀爀渀 ⠀昀漀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀攀愀氀猀⤀⸀ 匀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀礀 愀渀搀 洀甀渀搀愀渀攀 漀昀昀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 瘀愀氀甀攀∀ ⠀䜀䜀Ⰰ 㠀㄀㄀⤀⸀ 䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀洀攀搀礀 椀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀椀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 洀愀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 漀昀 挀漀猀洀椀挀 瘀愀猀琀渀攀猀猀⸀ 䬀愀戀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 眀漀渀搀攀爀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瘀愀渀椀琀礀 漀昀 洀攀渀 眀栀漀 瀀爀椀搀攀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 甀瀀漀渀 琀爀椀昀氀攀猀⸀ ∀䔀瘀攀渀 欀椀渀最猀 洀椀最栀琀椀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瘀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀愀Ⰰ ∀ 栀攀 猀愀礀猀Ⰰ ∀瀀攀爀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 愀 琀眀椀渀欀氀攀∀ ⠀䜀䜀Ⰰ ㄀㈀㔀㄀⤀⸀ 䨀甀搀椀挀椀漀甀猀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 愀 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 栀漀渀漀甀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀 戀攀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀渀 昀漀爀 瀀爀椀搀攀⸀ 䠀甀洀椀氀椀琀礀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 爀甀氀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀攀爀⸀ 匀愀礀猀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀 㨀 ∀䤀昀 漀渀攀 氀漀猀攀琀栀 漀渀攀✀猀 栀漀渀漀甀爀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 攀愀琀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀渀∀ ⠀䜀䜀Ⰰ ㄀㐀㈀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> K&#257hn Si&#7749gh, Bh&#257&#299, <i>Gurmat Sudh&#257kar</i>. Patiala, 1970<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀椀㸀䜀甀爀洀愀琀 倀爀愀戀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀愀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀　㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Jodh Si&#7749gh, Bh&#257&#299, <i>Gurmati Nir&#7751aya</i>. Lahore, 1932<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䌀愀瘀攀攀猀栀愀爀Ⰰ 匀愀爀搀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀氀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀椀欀栀 䐀栀愀爀愀洀 䐀愀爀猀栀愀渀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㤀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Sher Singh, <i>Philosophy of Sikhism</i>. Delhi, n. d.<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 吀愀爀愀渀 匀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀ Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀攀愀挀栀椀渀最猀 漀昀 䜀甀爀甀 一愀渀愀欀 䐀攀瘀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㜀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Nripinder Singh, <i>The Sikh Moral Tradition. </i> Delhi, 1990<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䰀⸀ 䴀⸀ 䨀漀猀栀椀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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